<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 3em"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px">来源:中华心理教育网</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">我国城市建设的迅猛发展带动了大批农村劳动力进城务工。由于受到一系列主客观因素的制约,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">相当一部分农民工进城务工的同时,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">把他们的未成年子女留在农村,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">这就在农村社会形成了一个父母健在且婚姻状况正常而长期由祖辈、亲友代为抚养的青少年群体。这一群体就是本文所称的留守青少年。近年来,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年的犯罪状况开始引起人们的关注。年,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">公安部的调查显示全国未成年人受侵害及自身犯罪的案例大多数在农村,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">其中大多数又是留守青少年。生活环境的差异,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使留守青少年与普通青少年的心理状况不完全相同。亲情的缺失、教育的失当和不良风气的引诱无不促使留守青少年不良心理的发展,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">这种不良心理,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">为他们走上犯罪道路埋下了伏笔。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">一、留守青少年犯罪的不良心理特点探析</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">“人的心理是由认识、情感、意志等心理过程和能力、气质、性格等个性心理特征以及需要、兴趣、理想、信念、世界观等个性倾向组成。自然素质和生活实践的差异</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 12px; text-underline: none"><a href="http://www.cnpsy.net/"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px; text-underline: none">,</span></a></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使不同群体的人具有不同的心理过程及个性心理特征或倾向,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">从而就表现出不同的心理特点。心理状况异常发展,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">是留守青少年犯罪率畸高的重要原因。对于留守青少年犯罪人来说,他们的不良心理特点主要表现在以下几个方面</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">一渴望亲情,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">但是难以满足需求,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们孤独、叛逆父母的呵护和家庭的温暖是每一个处于身心成长过程中的青少年的共同需求。完整、温馨的家庭既是青少年的感情寄托和亲情来源,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">也是他们生理、心理健康发展的重要保证。心理学研究表明,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">个体在幼年时期如果缺少来自父母和家庭的关爱与亲情,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">那么,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他的心理会在很大程度上出现扭曲和变形,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">直接影响个体的社会化。对于农村留守青少年来说,他们的父母常年在外打工,由于工作繁忙、交通不便、路费高昂等种种原因,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">每年很难回家一次,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">根本不能满足他们对家庭和亲情的强烈需求。根据西部某劳务输出大省在一县域内的调查显示的父母年平均回家不足次,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">有的甚至几年才回家一次近的留守青少年与父母通话、通信_______频率月均不足一次。习缺乏来自于父母亲情,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">严重影响了孩子的身心健康发展,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使留守青少年在不同程度上都存在一定的心理障碍和性格缺陷,最突出地表现就是内心孤独,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">甚至叛逆。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">二渴望成绩,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">但是在竞争中失败,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们自卑、压抑喜欢争强好胜,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">渴望引人注目是处于身心发育阶段的青少年的共同心理特征。与其他同龄人一样,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年也希望自己成为人们注目的佼佼者,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他们也曾渴望自己用出类拔萃的学习成绩来赢得亲人、老师和同学的赞许。然而,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年要在学习上脱颖而出,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">无疑要面临着更多的困难。长此以往,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他们的学习成绩很难有所起色。有人对四川省劳务输出大县仁寿县的留守青少年的学习状况进行过调查,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">这个百万余人口的大县有近半数劳动力常年外出打工,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">处于九年义务教育阶段的留守孩子高达万,占全县学生总数的对名留守孩子的学习成绩进行调查,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">发现其中的孩子学习成绩为较差,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">的孩子成绩中等偏下。渴望优秀的学习成绩却难以遂愿,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">加之学校教育特别是中学教育对待学生以学习成绩定优劣的做法,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使留守青少年的心理自卑感加枷。田于学习成绩不尽如人意,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他们时常受到老师和同学的不公正对待,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们的思想比较压抑。自卑和压抑心理是留守青少年犯罪的重要心理因素。我国台湾地区著名学者张华保教授曾提到美国缅因州有的犯罪青少年有这种心理特质,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他指出“ 强烈自卑感亦会导致心理不平衡,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">因而走向发泄性偏差犯罪行为之途径,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">所以不仅是暴力犯罪,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">吸毒、变态性行为、盗窃等,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">都可能由自卑感及缺陷感所促成。”</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">三需要尊重,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">但是往往遭受轻视,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们冲动、易怒随着年龄的增长,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">青少年的自尊心愈加强烈,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他们在交往过程中爱面子,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">不容许他人伤害自己的人格尊严。由于远离父母,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">随祖辈一起生活的留守青少年,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">大多受到祖辈的迁就和溺爱而与亲戚、朋友共同生活的,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">更多的则是饱尝缺乏关爱和寄人篱下的苦楚。所以,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">与普通青少年相比,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年的心理更加脆弱,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">自尊心也更加强烈。然而,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">父母是孩子的保护伞,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">远离父母的孩子受气多。由于父母不在身边,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年往往受到其他孩子的欺侮由于学习成绩不佳,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他们时常遭到老师的蔑视和同学的嘲笑。长期遭受不公正的对待,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年的心灵受到了扭曲,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">自尊心受到了伤害,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们逐渐形成了一种冲动、易怒的性格。表现在对他人的痛苦缺乏同情心和怜悯感,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">平时多疑、粗暴、凶狠、焦虑并富有挑衅性和攻击性等。留守青少年的这种冲动、易怒的心理特点为他们实施激情性、报复性等严重的暴力犯罪埋下了祸根。随着留守青少年在生活、学习、交往中受到的伤害逐渐增多、加深,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">往往一个很小的争端就会使他们把长期积聚在内心里的怒火像火山一样爆发出来。由于青少年处在身心快速发育时期,他们考虑问题不周全,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">控制自己行为的能力差,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">他们在自己这种冲动、易怒心理的支配下,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">一旦实施暴力犯罪行为,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">造成的后果往往十分严重。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">四盲目攀比,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">但是物质条件有限,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们虚荣、浮华攀比心理是青少年一个比较普遍心理特点。应该说,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">攀比心理在促进青少年追求上进、积极进取等方面,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">发挥着特殊的作用与自己的同学、伙伴比学习,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">有利于促成你追我赶、奋勇争先的良好学习风气比体魄,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">则有利于促使青少年养成积极锻炼、勤于运动的良好习惯等。但是,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">盲目攀比所带来的消极后果是无法回避的,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">目前,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">比谁更有钱,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">比谁吃得好、穿得好、用得好、玩得好,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">正逐渐占据了青少年的心灵。对留守青少年来说,他们有限的经济来源不足以支持他们的物质享受。绝大多数留守青少年没有自身独立的经济收人,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">为了满足自己的虚荣心和攀比心理以及享乐的需要,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">想方设法通过一些“ 捷径”搞点钱自然就成为他们难以挣脱的心理情结。这样,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">盗窃、抢劫、抢夺、诈骗等财产性犯罪开始在留守青少年犯罪中大量出现,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">并长期占据主流。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">二、留守青少年犯罪不良心理的防治</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">留守青少年走上犯罪道路的原因自然是多方面的。在心理学上,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">心理分析理论伊在解释青少年犯罪的原因时认为“ 人格结构中超我的功能不张,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">无法以道德良心对本我的欲求予以约束。幼儿成长时期许多需求未获满足或误导及为减轻因恋父或恋母情结而衍发的罪责感,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">偏差与犯罪行为即可能因此产生。满足留守青少年的心理需求,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">消除他们的心理障碍,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">是预防和减少留守青少年犯罪的关键之所在。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">一努力构筑全方位、多层次的关爱留守青少年心理健康的体系首先,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">必须要让留守青少年体会到父母的关爱和家庭的温暖。外出打工的父母,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">有条件的应该尽可能多地回家探望孩子,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">确实没有条件的,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">应该与孩子经常保持电话和书信联系祖辈或其他委托监护人对留守青少年的照顾不应该仅停留在吃饭穿衣和学习成绩上,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">要经常和孩子交流,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">经常了解孩子的思想状况,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">及时与孩子的父母进行沟通,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">让孩子感受到父母虽然不在身边,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">但是父母的心却在自己身上。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">其次,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">要加强学校建设,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">充分发挥学校教育的功能。针对一些学校留守学生日益增加的特点,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">学校在教学过程中要增设相关课程,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">特别是要加强学生心理、法制方面的教育要建立留守学生档案及家长联系卡,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">保持学校与学生父母、委托监护人的联系建立责任制,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">由教学效果好、学生工作经验丰富的优秀教师承包帮扶留守学生引导树立互帮互助、相互理解的校风,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">减少、消除对留守学生的不公正对待通过宣传栏、知识竞赛、班级例会等方式使学生了解到父母外出打工的艰辛,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">使他们形成热爱学习、勤俭节约的习惯有条件的地方可以建设留守孩子小学、中学,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">配以精良教师队伍,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">针对留守孩子的心理特点和知识基础因材施教。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">再次,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">有关国家机关要积极采取措施,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">促进留守青少年心理健康成长。民政、卫生等部门要关心留守青少年的身体、生活状况,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">教育主管部门要在师资、课程建设方面向留守学生多的学校倾斜公安司法机关要加强协作,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">既要依法严厉打击侵害留守青少年以及教唆留守青少年犯罪的案件,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">又要加强对失足留守青少年的教育和挽救工作。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">最后,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">相关社会团体和社区要加强合作,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">加强对留守青少年的关心和保护。乡镇共青团、妇联、工会要加强与村民委员会的协作,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">共同帮助对留守青少年进行监护和教育,引导他们形成乐观向上的生活态度和健康积极的生活方式,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">让留守青少年沐浴在关心和爱护的氛围中茁壮成长。</span></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">二营造正常的家庭生活是防治留守青少年不良心理的治本之策</span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; LINE-HEIGHT: 3em; TEXT-INDENT: 32px; BACKGROUND: #f4f9fe"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">其实,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">孩子的健康成长,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">父母比谁都关心,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">广大农民工之所以离家别子,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">人城打工,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">实在是无奈之举。一方面,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">为了有一定的积蓄以备孩子未来之需,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">农民只好离开落后的家乡,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">进人城市另一方面,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">如果携孩子进城,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">则会因为“ 乡下人”的身份而将会面临着无房可住、无学可上、就医昂贵等种种困难。所以,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">广大农民工在进城打工时,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">只好把孩子留在家里。对于处于身心成长阶段的青少年来说,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">任何人的关心都无法替代父母的亲情呵护,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">也无法比上家庭生活的温暖和祥和。所以,从长远来看,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">深化户籍制度改革,打破城乡二元体制的壁垒,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">保证城乡居民之间的良性流动,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">最终创造条件让农民工带上子女进城生活,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">保证农民工家庭生活的正常化,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #565656; FONT-SIZE: 16px">是解决农村留守儿童心理问题的治本之策。</span></span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 3em"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: arial, helvetica,sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 20px">&nbsp;</span></p><p></p>